這三種限定性修飾的區(qū)別, 在我看來, 并不是correctiveness的問題. 我不鼓勵把它作為解題點, 盡量靠其他明顯, 有把握的知識點進行排除.這個總結(jié)的一些觀點只取證于OG, 加上我的主觀分析, 所以很可能有錯. 請大家辯證來看, 幫助完善.

以下例子均取自OG.

A. 對于政府法令的限制修飾(注意不是定語從句), 用現(xiàn)在分詞.

100. Wisconsin, Illinois, Florida, and Minnesota have begun to enforce statewide bans prohibiting landfills to accept leaves, brush, and grass clippings.

(A) prohibiting landfills to accept leaves, brush, and grass clippings

(B) prohibiting that landfills accept leaves, brush, and grass clippings

(C) prohibiting landfills from accepting leaves, brush, and grass clippings

(D) that leaves, brush, and grass clippings cannot be accepted in landfills（C）

(E) that landfills cannot accept leaves, brush, and grass clippings

Prohibiting 限制修飾bans

178. In the last few years, the number of convicted criminals given community service sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have risen dramatically.

(A) sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have

(B) sentences, performing specific jobs that benefit the public while being allowed to remain unconfined, have

(C) sentences, performing specific jobs beneficial to the public while they are allowed to remain unconfined, have

(D) sentences which allow them to remain unconfined in their performing of specific jobs beneficial to the public has（E）

(E) sentences allowing them to remain unconfined while performing specific jobs that benefit the public has

Allowing限制修飾sentences

在這里必須要注意: 我說的是限制修飾, 而非賓語從句.

130. In a 5-to-4 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that two upstate New York counties owed restitution to three tribes of Oneida Indians for the unlawful seizure of their ancestral lands in the eighteenth century.

(A) that two upstate New York counties owed restitution to three tribes of Oneida Indians for the unlawful seizure of

(B) that two upstate New York counties owed restitution to three tribes of Oneida Indians because of their unlawful seizure of

(C) two upstate New York counties to owe restitution to three tribes of Oneida Indians for their unlawful seizure of

(D) on two upstate New York counties that owed restitution to three tribes of Oneida Indians because they unlawfully seized（A）

(E) on the restitution that two upstate New York counties owed to three tribes of Oneida Indians for the unlawful seizure of

這題的正確答案是A. rule后面that引導的是賓語從句(rule雖然是政府法令, 但它是動詞), 而非限制性定語從句. 不要混淆.

B. 分詞比從句簡潔, 但分詞有局限性: 不能跳躍修飾.

178. In the last few years, the number of convicted criminals given community service sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have risen dramatically.

(A) sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have

(B) sentences, performing specific jobs that benefit the public while being allowed to remain unconfined, have

(C) sentences, performing specific jobs beneficial to the public while they are allowed to remain unconfined, have

(D) sentences which allow them to remain unconfined in their performing of specific jobs beneficial to the public has（E）

(E) sentences allowing them to remain unconfined while performing specific jobs that benefit the public has

In B and C the verb phrases (performing... ) do not clearly modify criminals, because another noun (sentences) intrudes, ...

而定語從句可以跳躍修飾, 也可以就近, 關(guān)鍵看邏輯意思.

114. From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.

(A) baggage so light

(B) baggage being so light

(C) baggage, yet being so light

(D) baggage, and so light (E)

(E) baggage yet was so light

雖然這是個非限定性定語從句, 但我認為它是代詞按邏輯意思指代最經(jīng)典的例子!

除了以上涉及的, 我沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者之間的其他區(qū)別.

C. with(前面沒有逗號)也是限定修飾. 但with有兩點禁忌.

1. with所修飾的名詞就是它的邏輯賓語, 后面不可以再補出賓語.

102. Except for a concert performance that the composer himself staged in 1911, Scott Joplin’s ragtime opera Treemonisha was not produced until 1972, sixty-one years after its completion.

(A) Except for a concert performance that the composer himself staged

(B) Except for a concert performance with the composer himself staging it

(C) Besides a concert performance being staged by the composer himself

(D) Excepting a concert performance that the composer himself staged（A）

(E) With the exception of a concert performance with the staging done by the composer himself

B: …and the prepositional phrase containing this participle (with... it) is unidiomatic.

192. Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the four thousand Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words.

(A) to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words

(B) added to which is English, Spanish, and Italian words

(C) to which English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added

(D) with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it（C）

(E) and, in addition, English, Spanish, and Italian words are added

雖然這里OG沒有對D中with…it的結(jié)構(gòu)提出質(zhì)疑, 但我相信這也是錯誤的原因之一.

2. 當把with放在句末做修飾的時候要很小心, 因為with既可以做修飾, 又可以做伴隨, 所以會有歧義.

212. The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.

(A) aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving

(B) aimed at the decreasing of operating costs and to improve

(C) aiming at the decreasing of operating costs and improving

(D) the aim of which is the decreasing of operating costs and improving（A）

(E) with the aim to decrease operating costs and to improve

Also, with the aim... improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufacturing Company and so does not refer unequivocally to policy.With在句子的謂語動詞之后, 特別是在句末, 跟在名詞后面, 很容易引起歧義, 因為分不清究竟限定修飾名詞, 還是做謂語的伴隨.

但當with前面的名詞是特指, 不可以被限定性修飾, 這個禁忌就不存在.

56. Architects and stonemasons, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport.

(A) huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport

(B) without the benefits of animal transport or the wheel, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya

(C) the Maya built huge palace and temple clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel

(D) there were built, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, huge palace and temple clusters by the Maya (C)

(E) were the Maya who, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, built huge palace and temple clusters

這個without沒有歧義, 肯定做伴隨. 因為the Maya不可能被限定(Maya人就是Maya人, 不能說什么樣的Maya人造了…言下之意, 還有另外一部分Maya人沒有參與建造, 而句子本身要表達的意思是整體Maya人, 即使要對其進行修飾, 也只能是非限定性修飾.) 另外還有一些因為是特指而不會引起歧義的例子:

128. New hardy varieties of rice show promise of pro­ducing high yields without the costly requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.

(A) requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties

(B) requirements by earlier high-yielding varieties of application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation

(C) requirements for application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation of earlier high-yielding varieties

(D) application of commercial fertilizer and irriga­tion that was required by earlier high-yielding varieties

(E) irrigation and application of commercial fertil­izer that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties

146. A patient accusing a doctor of malpractice will find it difficult to prove damage if there is a lack of some other doctor to testify about proper medical proce­dures.

(A) if there is a lack of some other doctor totestify

(B) unless there will be another doctor to testify

(C) without another doctor's testimony

(D) should there be no testimony from some other doctor (C)

(E) lacking another doctor to testify