●The argument
開頭段的思路：
第一句指出原論證的結(jié)構(gòu)或主張
第二句指出原論證的論據(jù)
第三句指出原論證的重要假設(shè)
最后指出原論證犯有邏輯錯誤
正文：
一段一個方面，注意句型
結(jié)尾：
結(jié)論，對如何加強(qiáng)提出建議。
開頭段模式：
1． In this argument, the arguer recommend (conclude) that…
2． This recommendation is based on the result (evidence; fact) of the survey that…
3． In addition, the arguer assumes this…
4． A careful examination would review how groundless the argument (conclusion) is…
對于文中涉及數(shù)字的黃金句型：
1． The survey on which the argument relies lacks credibility and therefore does not lend strong support to what the arguer assumes.
2． The statistical evidence on which the argument depends is so vague (unrepresentative) that it does not validate the auger’s assumption (claim).
對于正文有用的句型：
1． The argument rests on the unfounded(unconvincing,　unreasonable,　gratuitous,　groundless,　unwarranted)　assumption that…
2． The arguer fails to take Into account other possible factors that might (lend to, result in)…
3． The arguer ignores other relevant factors concerning +名詞結(jié)構(gòu)
4． The arguer fails to convince us that (sb of)…
5． The evidence provided in this argument is not sufficient to validate the assumption that…
黃金句型
1． The arguer fails to provide solid (any, sufficient, concrete) evidence to prove that …/to support the assumption that…/to validate the assumption that …/quarantine the conclusion that…
2． Another point worth concerning is that the arguer fails to take into account…
3． The reasoning that …is open to doubt /unreliable/problematic.
4． Another assumption in short of legitimacy is the causal of relationship between A&B./…is that /the claim that…
5． The fact that …says little (nothing) about…
對于正文的分析以及結(jié)尾模式：
1． 采取推測法，推測有可能的例證，反例，推測作者論證可導(dǎo)致的其他結(jié)論。
It is likely (possible) that…
It is impossible that…
One possibility is that…another possibility is that…the third possibility is that…
May, might, perhaps
2． 假設(shè)
If… even If; granted that …we can not ensure that… ,unless….
結(jié)尾的三句話框架：
指出原論者沒有論證自己的結(jié)論，分別指出可以從正文所分析的方面加強(qiáng)原論證。
三個結(jié)尾的范例：
1． In this conclusion, the arguer fails to validate the claim that… To solidify the argument .the arguer should supply more evidence to Indicate (demonstrate) that…In addition, the arguer would have to rule out the above-mentioned possibilities that might undermine the auger’s conclusion.
2． To sum up, the conclusion lacks of credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the auger claims. to make the argument more convincing ,the arguer would have to provide more Information concerning …
 
3． As It stands, the argument Is not well reasoned .to make It logically acceptable ,the arguer should provide more concrete evidence to demonstrate that …what’s more ,the arguer must supply more 具體化 Information to strong the conclusion. 
如果時(shí)間緊急，只有一兩分鐘的結(jié)尾套路： 
1. To conclusion, the argument Is not persuasive as It stands, before we accept the claim, the arguer must provide more substantial facts to prove that… 
2. In summary, the conclusion reached In this argument Is Invalid and misleading, to make the argument more convincing, the arguer would have to prove that…moreover, I would suspend my judgement about the credibility of the recommendation until the arguer can provide more concrete and reliable evidence.   

●Issue 
開頭的句型： 
1． There Is much controversy over the Issue of…Some people claim that …while others believe that…in the last analysis I argue that… 
2． The Issue of … Is a very controversial one (arouses much controversy among people with different perspectives and background). Although many people believe that …I argue that…(I debt whether the argument bears close examination). 
3． Now it is widely believe that …as opposed to the commonly held view, I argue that… 
4． The speaker asserts that …while I agree that…I insist that… 
5． There Is much concern over the Issue of … the arguer advocate that …we do not (綠皮書65頁) 
6． According to the title statement…although it is commonly held that …It is unlikely be true that…