GRE考試之?dāng)?shù)學(xué)部分術(shù)語(yǔ)總匯
1.有關(guān)數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算
add，plus加subtract減difference差multiply,times乘product積divide除 divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除數(shù)，紅利divisor因子，除數(shù) quotient商remainder余數(shù)factorial階乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根號(hào) roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入
2.有關(guān)集合
union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集
3.有關(guān)代數(shù)式、方程和不等式
algebraic term代數(shù)項(xiàng)like terms,similar terms同類項(xiàng)numerical coefficient數(shù)字系數(shù)literal coefficient字母系數(shù)inequality不等式 triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程，等價(jià)方程linear equation線性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)
4.有關(guān)分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)
proper fraction真分?jǐn)?shù)improper fraction假分?jǐn)?shù)mixed number帶分?jǐn)?shù)vulgar fraction，common fraction普通分?jǐn)?shù)simple fraction簡(jiǎn)分?jǐn)?shù)complex fraction繁分?jǐn)?shù)numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction純小數(shù)infinite decimal無(wú)窮小數(shù)recurring decimal循環(huán)小數(shù)tenthsunit十分位
5.基本數(shù)學(xué)概念
arithmetic mean算術(shù)平均值weighted average加權(quán)平均值geometric mean幾何平均數(shù)exponent指數(shù)，冪base乘冪的底數(shù),底邊cube立方數(shù)，立方體square root平方根cuberoot立方根common logarithm常用對(duì)數(shù)digit數(shù)字constant常數(shù)variable變量 inversefunction反函數(shù)complementary function余函數(shù)linear一次的，線性的 factorization因式分解absolute value絕對(duì)值，e.g.｜-32｜=32round off四舍五入
6.有關(guān)數(shù)論
natural number自然數(shù)positive number正數(shù)negative number負(fù)數(shù)odd integer,odd number 奇數(shù)even integer,even number偶數(shù)integer,whole number整數(shù)positive whole number正整數(shù)negative whole number負(fù)整數(shù)consecutive number連續(xù)整數(shù)rea lnumber,rational number實(shí)數(shù),有理數(shù)irrational(number)無(wú)理數(shù)inverse倒數(shù)composite number合數(shù) e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime number質(zhì)數(shù)e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意：所有的質(zhì)數(shù)(2除外)都是奇數(shù)，但奇數(shù)不一定是質(zhì)數(shù)reciprocal倒數(shù)common divisor公約數(shù)multiple倍數(shù)(least)common multiple(最小)公倍數(shù)(prime)factor(質(zhì))因子common factor公因子 ordinaryscale,decimalscale十進(jìn)制nonnegative非負(fù)的tens十位units個(gè)位mode眾數(shù)median中數(shù)common ratio公比
7.數(shù)列
arithmetic progression(sequence)等差數(shù)列geometric progression(sequence)等比數(shù)列
8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)順時(shí)針?lè)较颡ardinal基數(shù)ordinal序數(shù)directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估計(jì)，近似parentheses括號(hào) proportion比例permutation排列combination組合table表格trigonometric function三角函數(shù)unit單位,位
幾何部分
1.所有的角
alternate angle內(nèi)錯(cuò)角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle對(duì)頂角central angle 圓心角interior angle內(nèi)角exterior angle外角supplement aryangles補(bǔ)角complement aryangle余角adjacent angle鄰角acute angle銳角obtuse angle鈍角right angle直角 round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夾角
2.所有的三角形
equilateral triangle等邊三角形scalene triangle不等邊三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle內(nèi)接三角形
3.有關(guān)收斂的平面圖形，除三角形外
semicircle半圓
concentric circles同心圓quadrilateral四邊形pentagon五邊形hexagon六邊形heptagon 七邊形octagon八邊形nonagon九邊形decagon十邊形polygon多邊形parallelogram平行四邊形equilateral等邊形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle長(zhǎng)方形regular polygon正多邊形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形
4.其它平面圖形
arc弧line,straight line直線line segment線段parallel lines平行線segment of a circle弧形
5.有關(guān)立體圖形
cube立方體，立方數(shù)rectangular solid長(zhǎng)方體regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面體 circular cylinder圓柱體cone圓錐sphere球體solid立體的
6.有關(guān)圖形上的附屬物
altitude高depth深度side邊長(zhǎng)circumference,perimeter周長(zhǎng)radian弧度surface area 表面積volume體積arm直角三角形的股cros ssection橫截面center of acircle圓心 chord弦radius半徑angle bisector角平分線diagonal對(duì)角線diameter直徑edge棱 face of a solid立體的面hypotenuse斜邊included side夾邊leg三角形的直角邊 medianofatriangle三角形的中線base底邊，底數(shù)(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底數(shù))opposite直角三角形中的對(duì)邊midpoint中點(diǎn)endpoint端點(diǎn)vertex(復(fù)數(shù)形式vertices)頂點(diǎn)tangent切線的transversal截線intercept截距
7.有關(guān)坐標(biāo)
coordinate system坐標(biāo)系rectangular coordinate直角坐標(biāo)系origin原點(diǎn)abscissa橫坐標(biāo) ordinate縱坐標(biāo)numberline數(shù)軸quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane復(fù)平面
8.其它
plane geometry平面幾何trigonometry三角學(xué)bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe內(nèi)切 intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的 multilateral多邊的
其它
1.單位類
cent美分penny一美分硬幣nickel5美分硬幣dime一角硬幣dozen打(12個(gè))score廿(20個(gè))Centigrade攝氏Fahrenheit華氏quart夸脫gallon加侖(1gallon=4quart)yard碼 meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量單位，60分=1度) squaremeasure平方單位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脫(干量或液量的單位)
2.有關(guān)文字?jǐn)⑹鲱}，主要是有關(guān)商業(yè)
intercalary year(leapyear)閏年(366天)common year平年(365天)depreciation折舊down payment直接付款discount打折margin利潤(rùn)profit利潤(rùn)interest利息simple interest單利compounded interest復(fù)利dividend紅利decrease to減少到decrease by減少了increase to增加到increase by增加了denote表示list price標(biāo)價(jià)markup漲價(jià)per capita每人ratio比率retail price零售價(jià)tie打平