"Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science."這個(gè)題目是講主流和非主流的關(guān)系，提的方面是科學(xué)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)。但是這個(gè)題目里面我自認(rèn)為的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，speaker把 astrology， fortune-telling，psychic，和paranormal pursuits也歸結(jié)為科學(xué)的范疇內(nèi)了，但這些都是我們通常成為的偽科學(xué)(pseudoscience)的幾個(gè)典型方面。

這個(gè)題目，目前我沒有想到什么好的方面來(lái)支持這個(gè)speaker的正確性。希望有持支持觀點(diǎn)的朋友來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)你自己的看法偽科學(xué)的相關(guān)釋義附在點(diǎn)評(píng)最后處This statement actually consists of two claims:

(1) that non-mainstream areas of inquiry are vital in satisfying human needs, and (2) that these areas are therefore vital to society. I concede that astrology, fortune- telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits respond to certain basic human needs.干凈利索的分析了題目，但是個(gè)人認(rèn)為還不是分析的很透徹。

 However, in my view the potential harm they can inflict on their participants and on society far outweighs their psychological benefits.

 自己觀點(diǎn)出來(lái)了，反對(duì)。是一個(gè)讓步的關(guān)系，先承認(rèn)了是有此方面的作用，用了however來(lái)了個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折給從更大的方面給否了。

Admittedly, these non-mainstream areas of inquiry address certain human needs, which mainstream science and other areas of intellectual inquiry inherently cannot.開始駁斥了，首先肯定了其之作用。

One such need involves our common experience as humans that we freely make our own choices and decisions in life and therefore carry some responsibility for their consequences. Faced with infinite choices, we experience uncertainty, insecurity, and confusion; and we feel remorse, regret, and guilt when in retrospect our choices turn out be poor ones. Understandably, to prevent these bad feelings many people try to shift the burden of making difficult choices and decisions to some nebulous authority outside themselves——by relying on the stars or on a stack of tarot cards for guidance.具體分析了這些種“學(xué)科”產(chǎn)生的具體原因。

 Two other such needs have to do with our awareness that we are mortal. This awareness brings a certain measure of pain that most people try to relieve by searching for evidence of an afterlife. Absent empirical proof that life extends beyond the grave, many people attempt to contact or otherwise connect with the so-called "other side" through paranormal and psychic pursuits. Another natural response to the prospect of being separated from our loved ones by death is to search for a deeper connection with others here on Earth and elsewhere, in the present as well as the past. This response manifests itself in people's enduring fascination with the paranormal search for extraterrestrial life, with so- called "past life" regression and "channeling," and the like.

這個(gè)部分的邏輯關(guān)系簡(jiǎn)潔明了，寫的很利索。寫出了這些“science”存在和產(chǎn)生的理由。闡述的也可以說(shuō)是比較的exclusive——這個(gè)單詞大家不要忽略，等我們開始分析ETS范文的時(shí)候你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在滿分范文的評(píng)語(yǔ)中這個(gè)單詞會(huì)多次出現(xiàn)的。這個(gè)是對(duì) testee的邏輯思維的一個(gè)考量的方面。

 While the sorts of pursuits which the speaker lists might be "vital" insofar as they help some people feel better about themselves and about their choices and circumstances, query whether these pursuits are otherwise useful to any individual or society.開始了自己的質(zhì)疑In the first place，用一個(gè)非常普通的用于連接的詞語(yǔ)開始了自己的列舉because these pursuits are not rooted in reason, they are favorite pastimes of charlatans—經(jīng)典，非常好的否定，hit home。and others who seek to prey on dupes—好，一個(gè)單詞就直截了當(dāng)?shù)谋砻髯约旱南敕╠riven by the aforementioned psychological needs. And the dupes have no recourse. After all, it is impossible to assess the credibility of a tarot card that tells us how to proceed in life simply because we cannot know where the paths not taken would have led. Similarly, we cannot evaluate claims about the afterlife because these claimsinherently defy empirical ?這個(gè)形容詞是經(jīng)常用來(lái)解釋pseuoscience的用詞，我后面會(huì)給大家附一個(gè)偽科學(xué)的解釋大家可以多次找到這個(gè)empirical這個(gè)詞—— proof——or disproof.

這個(gè)部分反駁的是這些所謂“科學(xué)”存在的理由以及可信度。駁斥的干凈利索，一點(diǎn)也不拖泥帶水，最后幾個(gè)figurative expressions完全表達(dá)出了作者的意思。干凈漂亮！

In the second place，銜接上面一段的陳述without any sure way to evaluate the legitimacy of these avenues of inquiry, participants become vulnerable to self-deception, false hopes, fantastic ideas, and even delusions.開始陳述這些所謂的科學(xué)的害處了。首先來(lái)的是對(duì)個(gè)人的害處。In turn, so-called "insights" gained from these pursuits can too easily serve as convenient excuses for irrational and unreasonable actions that harm others.引申到了對(duì)他人的害處。On a personal level, stubborn adherence to irrational beliefs in the face of reason and empirical evidence can lead to self-righteous arrogance, intolerance, anti-social behavior, and even hatred. Moreover, on a societal level these traits have led all too often to holy wars, and to such other atrocities as genocide and mass persecution.最后擴(kuò)展到了整個(gè)社會(huì)的深度上來(lái)In sum，開始結(jié)尾陳述了。I concede—承認(rèn)部分的advantages，一看這個(gè)詞concede就知道后面要出來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)折——that the non-mainstream pursuits that the speaker lists are legitimate insofar as they afford many people psychological solace in life.

However,出來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)折了，意料之中，開始陳述反對(duì)意見的總結(jié)陳詞咯when such pursuits serve as substitutes for reason and logic, and for honest intellectual inquiry, participants begin to distrust intellect as an impediment to enlightenment. In doing so, they risk making ill-conceived choices for themselves and unfair judgments about others——a risk that in my view outweighs the psychological rewards of those pursuits.說(shuō)明從整體的角度來(lái)看還是害處要多于好處。

這篇文章邏輯層次非常鮮明，而且行文過(guò)程中運(yùn)用了figurative expressions的修辭手法，顯示了作者對(duì)語(yǔ)言的駕御能力，屬于一篇寫的非常漂亮的文章。尤其是作者的邏輯非常嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，幾乎挑不出來(lái)什么過(guò)失�？紤]到 testing time，這個(gè)文章絕對(duì)可以拿到5。5——6分的好成績(jī)。說(shuō)到這個(gè)文章中的邏輯，其實(shí)，個(gè)人認(rèn)為，ISSUE和ARGUMENT的文章是相輔相成的。你在分析I 部分的文章的時(shí)候肯定也要運(yùn)用到邏輯方面的一些基本的表達(dá)方式。如果邏輯思維在文章中表達(dá)的不夠清晰，文章脈絡(luò)也就不能夠被非常好的表達(dá)出來(lái)，也就相應(yīng)的影響到你最后的一個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)。而在練習(xí)I部分的時(shí)候的表達(dá)了，語(yǔ)言了等等，對(duì)A部分的寫作也是大有益處的。就算說(shuō)是A部分最注重的還是邏輯但是如果沒有掌握一定層次的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力如何能夠干凈漂亮的向reader表達(dá)出自己的邏輯思維來(lái)？

最近聽到很多朋友都說(shuō)A部分就是摸版了，只要掌握規(guī)律就可以了，類似的說(shuō)法。但是，實(shí)際上A還是需要你一定的語(yǔ)言能力的支持的。雖然相對(duì)于ISSUE要比較容易拿個(gè)好分?jǐn)?shù)，但要滿分也相當(dāng)困難。也需要精彩的表達(dá)和出色的寫作能力的。希望大家不要顧此失彼。這個(gè)題目，我也只想到了如何反駁，但是還沒有好的方法來(lái)個(gè)支持方面的論點(diǎn)和觀點(diǎn)，大家可以討論討論看看是不是可以從支持的角度來(lái)寫這個(gè)文章呢？這是一個(gè)比較challenging了。