Argument是一篇很有規(guī)律的文章，同issue問題相比，argument這篇作文更容易寫。Argument每個(gè)題目由兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成。第一部分是一句介紹性的話，用來提供論述的背景，這一句話沒有邏輯錯(cuò)誤可言。第二部分是論述本身，是一段完整的邏輯分析，其中肯定包括邏輯錯(cuò)誤，這是我們閱讀和攻擊的重點(diǎn)。

Argument作文要求邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，攻擊有力到位，語言上掌握一些邏輯分析的語句等等。根據(jù)Argument作文的特點(diǎn)，為了加深對(duì)這些要點(diǎn)的理解，這里主要介紹一下在Argument寫作中值得注意的地方，即一些好的建議。

建議1：仔細(xì)分析并找出argument中至少三、四個(gè)論證或論據(jù)方面的錯(cuò)誤。

如果想拿到5分以上的分?jǐn)?shù)，你就不能遺漏Argument中主要的邏輯錯(cuò)誤。邏輯錯(cuò)誤是argument作文中最重要的因素，如何快速準(zhǔn)確地判斷出argument論述中所隱含的邏輯錯(cuò)誤就成為我們寫作的重重之重。argument題庫(kù)中題目雖然很多，有240多道，但是，這類作文是很有規(guī)律可言的，總結(jié)起來邏輯錯(cuò)誤也就無外乎那么7大類，只要在考前做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，這類文章是很有什么大問題的。邏輯錯(cuò)誤主要有：因果類錯(cuò)誤、類比類錯(cuò)誤、數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)類錯(cuò)誤、無根據(jù)假定錯(cuò)誤、急于概括性錯(cuò)誤、言行不一錯(cuò)誤、非此即彼（二選一，忽略其他同類）等。我們?cè)趥淇贾行枰�我們�?duì)這幾類邏輯錯(cuò)誤有充分的掌握，能夠靈活運(yùn)用攻擊性的語句去攻擊這些邏輯錯(cuò)誤。

例如：

The following appeared in a newspaper article about law firms in the city ofMegalopolis.

"In Megalopolis, the number of law school graduates who went to work for large, corporate firms declined by 15 percent over the last three years, whereas an increasing number of graduates took jobs at small, general practice firms. Even though large firms usually offer much higher salaries, law school graduates are choosing to work for the smaller firms most likely because they experience greater job satisfaction at smaller firms. In a survey of first-year students at a leading law school, most agreed with the statement that earning a high salary was less important to them than job satisfaction. This finding suggests that the large, corporate firms of Megalopolis will need to offer graduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of hours they must work."

【題目譯文】

在Megalopolis，過去三年間在大型合伙事務(wù)所就職的法學(xué)院畢業(yè)生數(shù)量下降了15％，而在小型，一般性事務(wù)所就職的畢業(yè)生數(shù)量則在增加。盡管大型事務(wù)所通常提供高的多的薪水，法學(xué)院畢業(yè)生選擇在小型事務(wù)所工作主要是因?yàn)樗麄兏惺艿礁�高的工作滿足感。一項(xiàng)對(duì)于頂尖法學(xué)院一年級(jí)學(xué)生的調(diào)查顯示，多數(shù)人同意掙更多的錢沒有工作滿足感更重要的說法。這一現(xiàn)象啟示我們，Megalopolis的大型合伙事務(wù)所應(yīng)該給畢業(yè)生提供更多的福利和激勵(lì)，并減少他們的工作時(shí)間。

【文中的邏輯錯(cuò)誤】

A. In the first place, the arguer fails to convince us that it was the lack of job satisfaction that resulted in the 15% decline in the number of law school graduates who went to work for large firms.

B. In the second place, the result of the surrey of first-year students at a leading law school does not lend strong support to the assumption that the smaller firm in the city ofMegalopoliscould offer more job satisfaction to graduates who choose to work there.

C. Finally, no evidence is provided as to why the large, corporate firms should offer graduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of work hours and how taking these actions could lead to job satisfaction.

我們?cè)谡疫壿嬪e(cuò)誤的時(shí)候，要在你文章中合乎邏輯地安排各個(gè)論點(diǎn)的順序。也就是說，你所找的邏輯錯(cuò)誤要按照Argument中錯(cuò)誤出現(xiàn)的先后順序來進(jìn)行。語言再好，字?jǐn)?shù)再多，如果沒有抓住原題主要的邏輯錯(cuò)誤，你的作文成績(jī)連及格都不可能達(dá)到。因此，準(zhǔn)確地找出邏輯錯(cuò)誤就是拿到高分的基礎(chǔ)，如何去攻擊這些邏輯錯(cuò)誤則是高分的保障。

建議2：要用充分的理由和/或恰當(dāng)?shù)睦�子來支持你的觀點(diǎn)。

找出了原題中的邏輯錯(cuò)誤后，就需要我們?nèi)ソM織語言和收集一些例子對(duì)邏輯錯(cuò)誤展開有效的攻擊。僅僅抓住邏輯錯(cuò)誤是不夠的，我們必須從邏輯的角度或至少?gòu)某ＷR(shí)的角度進(jìn)行分析，論證原論述的不合理性，即說明其證據(jù)不足以支持其結(jié)論，其假設(shè)并未得到有效的支撐。下面就針對(duì)上文中所提到的題目，列舉一些相應(yīng)的攻擊例子。

As the large firms offer the higher salaries, they also demand higher and stricter qualification such as the jobseekers’ working experience, excellent performance in schools. If the requirements of employment became higher than the last three years, the enrollment will certainly decrease which means less student candidates can pass the tests or the interview. Another main cause is that maybe the large firms in Megalopolis confront some crisis of operation, so they decide to hire less people than before.

在攻擊的過程中，議論不要離題，不要在評(píng)論中摻雜自己的主觀想法。這也是Argument寫作中最忌諱的地方。因?yàn)�，它是一篇客觀的評(píng)論，不像Issue作文，要求明確闡述自己主觀的想法。在駁論中，要用有說服力的語言去攻擊原題中邏輯錯(cuò)誤，要知道Argument的論點(diǎn)更有說服力還是欠缺什么，以及如何才能使你更深入地評(píng)判它。