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GRE&GMAT數(shù)學(xué)部分術(shù)語總匯

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2007-9-3 文字大。  打。打印此文

代數(shù)部分

1. 有關(guān)數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算

add,plus 加 subtract 減 difference 差 multiply, times 乘 product 積 divide 除 divisible 可被整除的 divided evenly 被整除 dividend 被除數(shù),紅利 divisor 因子,除數(shù) quotient 商 remainder 余數(shù) factorial 階乘 power 乘方 radical sign, root sign 根號 round to 四舍五入 to the nearest 四舍五入

2. 有關(guān)集合

union 并集 proper subset 真子集 solution set 解集

3.有關(guān)代數(shù)式、方程和不等式

algebraic term 代數(shù)項(xiàng) like terms, similar terms 同類項(xiàng) numerical coefficient 數(shù)字系數(shù) literal coefficient 字母系數(shù) inequality 不等式 triangle inequality 三角不等式 range 值域 original equation 原方程 equivalent equation 同解方程,等價(jià)方程 linear equation 線*方程(e.g. 5x+6=22)

4.有關(guān)分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)

proper fraction 真分?jǐn)?shù) improper fraction 假分?jǐn)?shù) mixed number 帶分?jǐn)?shù) vulgar fraction,common fraction 普通分?jǐn)?shù) simple fraction 簡分?jǐn)?shù) complex fraction 繁分?jǐn)?shù) numerator 分子 denominator 分母 (least) common denominator (最小)公分母 quarter 四分之一 decimal fraction 純小數(shù) infinite decimal 無窮小數(shù)recurring decimal 循環(huán)小數(shù) tenths unit 十分位

5. 基本數(shù)學(xué)概念

arithmetic mean 算術(shù)平均值 weighted average 加權(quán)平均值 geometric mean 幾何平均數(shù) exponent 指數(shù),冪 base 乘冪的底數(shù),底邊 cube 立方數(shù),立方體 square root 平方根 cube root 立方根 common logarithm 常用對數(shù) digit 數(shù)字 constant 常數(shù) variable 變量 inverse function 反函數(shù) complementary function 余函數(shù) linear 一次的,線*的 factorization 因式分解 absolute value 絕對值,e.g.|-32|=32 round off 四舍五入 

6.有關(guān)數(shù)論

natural number 自然數(shù) positive number 正數(shù) negative number 負(fù)數(shù) odd integer, odd number 奇數(shù) even integer, even number 偶數(shù) integer, whole number 整數(shù) positive whole number 正整數(shù) negative whole number 負(fù)整數(shù) consecutive number 連續(xù)整數(shù) real number, rational number 實(shí)數(shù),有理數(shù) irrational(number) 無理數(shù) inverse 倒數(shù) composite number 合數(shù) e.g. 4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15…… prime number 質(zhì)數(shù) e.g. 2,3,5,7,11,13,15…… 注意:所有的質(zhì)數(shù)(2除外)都是奇數(shù),但奇數(shù)不一定是質(zhì)數(shù) reciprocal 倒數(shù) common divisor 公約數(shù) multiple 倍數(shù) (least)common multiple (最小)公倍數(shù) (prime) factor (質(zhì))因子 common factor 公因子 ordinary scale, decimal scale 十進(jìn)制 nonnegative 非負(fù)的 tens 十位 units 個(gè)位 mode 眾數(shù) median 中數(shù) common ratio 公比

7.數(shù)列

arithmetic progression(sequence) 等差數(shù)列 geometric progression(sequence) 等比數(shù)列 8.其它 approximate 近似 (anti)clockwise (逆) 順時(shí)針方向 cardinal 基數(shù) ordinal 序數(shù) direct proportion 正比 distinct 不同的 estimation 估計(jì),近似 parentheses 括號 proportion 比例 permutation 排列 combination 組合 table 表格 trigonometric function 三角函數(shù) unit 單位,位

幾何部分

1. 所有的角

alternate angle 內(nèi)錯(cuò)角 corresponding angle 同位角 vertical angle 對頂角 central angle 圓心角 interior angle 內(nèi)角 exterior angle 外角 supplementary angles 補(bǔ)角 complementary angle 余角 adjacent angle 鄰角 acute angle 銳角 obtuse angle 鈍角 right angle 直角 round angle 周角 straight angle 平角 included angle 夾角

2.所有的三角形

equilateral triangle 等邊三角形 scalene triangle 不等邊三角形 isosceles triangle 等腰三角形 right triangle 直角三角形 oblique 斜三角形 inscribed triangle 內(nèi)接三角形

3.有關(guān)收斂的平面圖形,除三角形外

semicircle 半圓

concentric circles 同心圓 quadrilateral 四邊形 pentagon 五邊形 hexagon 六邊形 heptagon 七邊形 octagon 八邊形 nonagon 九邊形 decagon 十邊形 polygon 多邊形 parallelogram 平行四邊形 equilateral 等邊形 plane 平面 square 正方形,平方 rectangle 長方形 regular polygon 正多邊形 rhombus 菱形 trapezoid 梯形

4.其它平面圖形

arc 弧 line, straight line 直線 line segment 線段 parallel lines 平行線 segment of a circle 弧形

5.有關(guān)立體圖形

cube 立方體,立方數(shù) rectangular solid 長方體 regular solid/regular polyhedron 正多面體 circular cylinder 圓柱體 cone 圓錐 sphere 球體 solid 立體的

6.有關(guān)圖形上的附屬物

altitude 高 depth 深度 side 邊長 circumference, perimeter 周長 radian 弧度 surface area 表面積 volume 體積 arm 直角三角形的股 cross section 橫截面 center of a circle 圓心 chord 弦 radius 半徑 angle bisector 角平分線 diagonal 對角線 diameter 直徑 edge 棱 face of a solid 立體的面 hypotenuse 斜邊 included side 夾邊 leg 三角形的直角邊 median of a triangle 三角形的中線 base 底邊,底數(shù)(e.g. 2的5次方,2就是底數(shù)) opposite 直角三角形中的對邊 midpoint 中點(diǎn) endpoint 端點(diǎn) vertex (復(fù)數(shù)形式vertices)頂點(diǎn) tangent 切線的 transversal 截線 intercept 截距

7.有關(guān)坐標(biāo)

coordinate system 坐標(biāo)系 rectangular coordinate 直角坐標(biāo)系 origin 原點(diǎn) abscissa 橫坐標(biāo) ordinate 縱坐標(biāo) number line 數(shù)軸 quadrant 象限 slope 斜率 complex plane 復(fù)平面

8.其它

plane geometry 平面幾何 trigonometry 三角學(xué) bisect 平分 circumscribe 外切 inscribe 內(nèi)切 intersect 相交 perpendicular 垂直 pythagorean theorem 勾股定理 congruent 全等的 multilateral 多邊的

其它

1.單位類

cent 美分 penny 一美分硬幣  nickel 5美分硬幣 dime 一角硬幣 dozen 打(12個(gè)) score 廿(20個(gè)) Centigrade 攝氏 Fahrenheit 華氏 quart 夸脫 gallon 加侖(1 gallon = 4 quart) yard 碼 meter 米 micron 微米 inch 英寸 foot 英尺 minute 分(角度的度量單位,60分=1度) square measure 平方單位制 cubic meter 立方米 pint 品脫(干量或液量的單位)

2.有關(guān)文字?jǐn)⑹鲱},主要是有關(guān)商業(yè)

intercalary year(leap year) 閏年(366天) common year 平年(365天) depreciation 折舊 down payment 直接付款 discount 打折 margin 利潤 profit 利潤 interest 利息 simple interest 單利 compounded interest 復(fù)利 dividend 紅利 decrease to 減少到 decrease by 減少了 increase to 增加到 increase by 增加了 denote 表示 list price 標(biāo)價(jià) markup 漲價(jià) per capita 每人 ratio 比率 retail price 零售價(jià) tie

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