文章的結(jié)構(gòu)可以有好幾種。本課討論的是最常用的結(jié)構(gòu)。請(qǐng)?jiān)谙旅孢x擇一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)或在左邊選擇各種文章結(jié)構(gòu)的例子和寫作策略。

一、規(guī)范結(jié)構(gòu)法

規(guī)范結(jié)構(gòu)是最常用的也是幾乎任何情況下都建議使用的結(jié)構(gòu)。規(guī)范結(jié)構(gòu)一般用于介紹主題和引言段的要點(diǎn)，在正文的每一段提供一個(gè)支持要點(diǎn)，在最后一段再重申文章的大意或得出結(jié)論。下面是申請(qǐng)者（例1）寫她作為一個(gè)政治上積極分子的經(jīng)歷所使用的一個(gè)規(guī)范結(jié)構(gòu)的例子。

第一段（引言）
起始句："I am an activist with a commitment to fighting for progressive causes through legislation, policy, and grassroots organizing."
引進(jìn)主題：雖然她積極參與了許多政治性活動(dòng)，但她的主要興趣是主張性教育和保健。
說明意圖："In this statement I will explain how I gained expertise in this field through both academic and professional work from 1988 to the present."

第二段
轉(zhuǎn)折/主題句："At [Ivy League University] I began my commitment to reproductive health."
論點(diǎn)和證據(jù)：在學(xué)術(shù)上她專注于生殖問題的研究，這可從她的工作得到證實(shí)：她專攻婦女研究和法律問題，她研究了墮胎法案對(duì)國(guó)民保健制度的沖擊，她寫了關(guān)于從法律上處理濫用懷孕藥物的論文，等等。

第三段
轉(zhuǎn)折/主題句："While I was a student, I gained professional experience as a birth control counselor at the University health clinic."
論點(diǎn)和證據(jù)：她在課外活動(dòng)中還作為顧問和計(jì)劃生育教育工作者積極參與生殖健康問題的研究。

第四段
轉(zhuǎn)折/主題句："When I moved to a small desert town in the Western United States, I volunteered for a democratic congressional campaign, where I briefed the candidate on abortion rights and sexuality issues in health care reform."
論點(diǎn)和證據(jù)：她的第一個(gè)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)是作為計(jì)劃生育處公共事務(wù)主任參與了保健行動(dòng)。

第五段
轉(zhuǎn)折/主題句："I quickly learned that this small town was far more conservative than my university's eastern college community."
論點(diǎn)和證據(jù)：她根據(jù)自己對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)赜乙砘顒?dòng)分子的研究發(fā)表了文章和專欄評(píng)論，對(duì)反對(duì)她的做法的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行反擊。

第六段
轉(zhuǎn)折/主題句："When my State Senator asked me to manage his reelection campaign, I eagerly accepted since I knew he had worked hard in support of health care and civil rights."
論點(diǎn)和證據(jù)：她從創(chuàng)作有效的政治宣傳文件，管理志愿者等工作得到寶貴的教訓(xùn)。

第七段
轉(zhuǎn)折/主題句："I had hoped to work in the state capitol after the campaign, and I am now working for a state level health care advocacy organization which employs a lobbyist and coordinates grassroots strategy."
論點(diǎn)和證據(jù)：她通過研究法律法規(guī)、協(xié)助負(fù)責(zé)人等工作，在自己目前的職位上，繼續(xù)專注于保健和政治。

第八段（結(jié)論）
轉(zhuǎn)折/主題句："While I believe that I have developed both academic and professional expertise in reproductive health policy, health care reform, and political organizing, I would like to acquire the skills and power to make a bigger difference."
結(jié)束語：作者重申文章要點(diǎn)，并且和上法學(xué)院的動(dòng)機(jī)以及畢業(yè)后的目標(biāo)緊緊聯(lián)系起來。

例1：Activist

注意：為了教學(xué)目的，該文發(fā)表時(shí)未加修改。
I am an activist with a commitment to fighting for progressive causes through legislation, policy, and grassroots organizing. While I have participated in many varied projects from editing a sexuality education curriculum to campaigning for gay rights as a local boardmember of [the statewide gay rights organization], I am most concerned with reproductive health issues. In this statement I will explain how I gained expertise in this field through both academic and professional work from 1988 to the present. Through this work I have acquired the intellectual foundation and the concrete experience to be an effective advocate for citizens' right to sexuality education and health care.At [school] I began my commitment to reproductive health. I earned the right to design my own major in women's studies and legal issues, for which I took courses in feminism and wrote on the developing legal precedent recognizing fetal rights. During my year at [school] I studied the impact the abortion pill RU 486 might have on the National Health Service, researched the evolving debate about the drug in the European press, and presented my findings at a Women's Studies Department seminar upon my return to the U.S. In my senior thesis on the legal treatment of pregnant substance abusers, I addressed the difficulties associated with prosecuting these women and proposed alternative approaches.
While I was a student, I gained professional experience as a birth control counselor at the University health clinic. I also worked as a Planned Parenthood educator, for which I edited a sexuality education curriculum and designed and taught community programs on contraception, AIDS, puberty, and sexual abuse prevention.
When I moved to a small desert town in the Western United States, I volunteered for a democratic congressional campaign, where I briefed the candidate on abortion rights and sexuality issues in health care reform. I met the executive director of the regional Planned Parenthood, and convinced her to hire me as the agency's first Director of Public Affairs. I coordinated grassroots lobbying efforts on pending legislation including the state's health care reform bill, clinic access bill, and anti-gay rights legislation. I quickly learned that this small town was far more conservative than my university's eastern college community. Many of Planned Parenthood's efforts to promote sexuality education were thwarted. I decided to discover who opposed the agency and what their tactics were. My research uncovered a network of local activists, some of whom had connections to state and
nation-wide Conservative organizations. I attended many meetings and followed public right-wing activity such as the campaign

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