二、問題分析法
在寫個人聲明的文章時并不是人人都選擇傳統(tǒng)的規(guī)范結(jié)構(gòu)。有些作者愿意把文章的重點放在對某一個問題或論點的分析上,就象例2作者那樣。她寫了關(guān)于拉丁美洲的發(fā)展的影響,更具體地說,是對工廠女工的影響。注意她的結(jié)構(gòu)是如何突出她必須做到的幾個最關(guān)鍵的方面:1)她把問題個性化;2)她明確地提出論點并用具體的實證支持其論點;3)她討論了問題的兩面;4)她說明自己如何在現(xiàn)實生活中積極地促進(jìn)該問題的解決;5)(最重要的一點)她把對問題的分析和自己上法學(xué)院的動機聯(lián)系起來。
第一段(引言)
起始句:"After college I served for two and a half years in Honduras with the U.S. Peace Corps."
引進(jìn)主題:她先介紹拉丁美洲的發(fā)展這個主題,進(jìn)而聯(lián)系自己在洪都拉斯的經(jīng)歷使主題個性化。
說明重點:"I found potential for changing some of the larger problems of development in a surprising arena, maquilardoras, or textile factories."
第二段
轉(zhuǎn)折/主題句:"While in Honduras I talked to many women who worked in maquilardoras."
論點和證據(jù):她提出自己的觀點,即工廠并不象學(xué)校教學(xué)中所描繪的那樣消極。她以自己在洪都拉斯所得到的第一手經(jīng)驗為證據(jù)說明這個觀點。
第三段
轉(zhuǎn)折/主題句:”The factory jobs had other positive side effects.”
論點和證據(jù): 她引證工人工資的提高和教育的改善為自己的論點提供更有力的證據(jù)。
第四段
轉(zhuǎn)折/主題句:”How to balance these positive factors with the often exploitative and abusive methods of the factory managers, or how to control the problems of rural-urban migration are questions I am still investigating.”
論點和證據(jù): 她又從論點的其它方面進(jìn)行檢驗,但最后又重申自己的立場。
第五段
轉(zhuǎn)折/主題句:”With the new U.S. policy focus on trade with Latin America and with more and more busiensses using labor abroad, labor conditions in maquiladoras will be a growing human rights issue.”
論點和證據(jù): 她闡述了問題與未來的關(guān)系,提供了證據(jù),說明自己已經(jīng)采取了行動,要讓全國了解該問題并推動全國性的討論。
第六段(結(jié)論)
轉(zhuǎn)折/主題句:”A law degree would give me a tool to continue to work effectively and realistically on this and other issues that contribute to the well-being of people affected by U.S. policies and investments in Latin America.”
要點:她把自己參與該問題的研究和討論與上法學(xué)院的動機聯(lián)系起來。
例2: Activist
注意:為了教學(xué)目的,該文發(fā)表時未加修改。
After college I served for two and a half years in Honduras with the U.S. Peace Corps. During my time there I worked on several development projects. My experiences left me with mixed feelings about development and what is realistically achievable. Projects often proved only thin band-aids against larger endemic problems. I found potential for changing some of the larger problems of development in a surprising arena, maquiladoras, or textile
factories.
While in Honduras, I talked to many women who worked in maquiladoras. Unlike what I had read in classes, these women were happy to have their jobs and suffered no health problems or abuse. They earned more money working in the factories in the cities than picking coffee in the mountains. Women could leave their homes and find work without having to depend on husbands or families to survive. The factory jobs had other positive side effects. I saw wealthy families driving to the countryside to find maids because all the city maids quit to work in the factories where they earned more. Wages for domestic workers had already risen and these families were trying to avoid paying an even higher salary. Also, factories required a sixth grade degree. This, if nothing else, could motivate an illiterate farmer to keep his daughters in school.
How to balance these positive factors with the often exploitative and abusive methods of the factory managers, or how to control the problems of rural-urban migration are questions I am still investigating. However, economic opport