b) had
c) was exposed to
4. Samuel’s touchdown __________ the stadium crowd.
a) created much energy in
b) energized
c) really energized
5. Woolf’s essay __________ my opinion of gender inequality.
a) challenged
b) made me take another look at
c) was challenging to
6. As Jessica drew near me, I __________ the baton and took off running.
a) grasped
b) got
c) was given
7. Once my mother had fallen asleep, I __________ the dolls on her nightstand.
a) put
b) arranged
c) set up
8. Chris and I __________ an educational project for first-graders in our community.
a) began
b) started
c) initiated
9. “Why didn’t you ask me before throwing it away?” Jason __________.
a) hollered
b) said angrily
c) started to yell
10. Mr. Franklin __________ that he was our true father.
a) let us know
b) told us
c) revealed
答案:
1) c; 2) a; 3) a; 4) b; 5) a; 6) a; 7) b; 8) c; 9) a; 10) c;
將被動(dòng)語態(tài)改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)
如果你要將被動(dòng)句改為主動(dòng)句，必須先找出施事者，即完成動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的人或物。將該“施事者”作為句子的主語，然后對(duì)動(dòng)詞做相應(yīng)的改變。你可以按照以下這些步驟來處理你文章中許多被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子：
1．全面檢查一下”was” 和”were”這兩個(gè)詞，因?yàn)樗鼈兘?jīng)常表示被動(dòng)。
2．劃掉 “was” 或 “were”。
3．在 “was” 或 “were” 后面的動(dòng)詞上加 “-ed”。
4．如果改變了的動(dòng)詞沒有語法意義，那它就是個(gè)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，因此需把它改為一般的過去時(shí)態(tài)。
5．圍繞這個(gè)新的主動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞重寫句子。
練習(xí)：使句子意義更主動(dòng)
將以下被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)。注意：有些句子無須改變。
1. I was taught by my brother the principles of barbecuing. _____________________________________________________________
2. My father was given the title by the former head chief.
_______________________________________________________________
3. The house was wrecked by the party and the cat was let loose by the guests.
_______________________________________________________________
4. The house is a mess, the cat is lost, and the car has been stolen by Justin.
_______________________________________________________________
5. Unfortunately, my plan was ruined by Gerald, the building superintendent.
_______________________________________________________________
6. The roof was leaking. It had been leaking all week.
__________________________________________________________________
7. The ball was thrown by Lucy, who had been hiding in the bushes.
_______________________________________________________________
8. Francesca was placed on the first flight to Boston. Her father put her there.
_______________________________________________________________
9. “To be or not to be?” That is the question.
_______________________________________________________________
10. A feast had been created from nothing. I was astounded.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：
1. My brother taught me the principles of barbecuing.
2. The former head chief gave the title to my father.
3. The party wrecked the house and the guests let the cat loose.
4. The house is a mess, the cat is lost, and Justin has stolen the car.
5. Unfortunately, Gerald, the building superintendent, ruined my plan.
6. No change.
7. Lucy, who had been hiding in the bushes, threw the ball.
8. Francesca’s father placed her on the first flight to Boston.
9. No change.
10. A feast had been created from nothing. This astounded me.
練習(xí)：被動(dòng)語態(tài) —— 自由作文
寫一篇100詞的短文，題目不限（但最好與你的文章題目有關(guān)），不用動(dòng)詞 “to be” 的任何形式。
四、轉(zhuǎn)折語
申請(qǐng)者常常忽視轉(zhuǎn)折語對(duì)自己文章的危害。一篇好的文章在一段里面、特別是段落與段落之間一定要使用轉(zhuǎn)折語，以便保持文章的流暢邏輯。沒有轉(zhuǎn)折語的文章就象一群孤立的小島，讀者要費(fèi)盡力氣才能從一點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)到另一點(diǎn)。因此，要用轉(zhuǎn)折語作為連接你的各種想法的橋梁。當(dāng)你從一個(gè)段落到另一個(gè)段落時(shí)，你除了繼續(xù)講你的故事，你不必再為你的敘述進(jìn)行解釋。如果段落之間的轉(zhuǎn)折需要解釋，那么你的文章要么范圍太大，要么不夠流暢，缺乏邏輯。一個(gè)好的轉(zhuǎn)折句子可以填補(bǔ)兩段之間所缺的那一行。
不必太多地考慮如何去造轉(zhuǎn)折句。如果你的提綱的概念很自然地一個(gè)接一個(gè)，后一個(gè)以前一個(gè)為前提，那么轉(zhuǎn)折語也在其中了。切勿強(qiáng)迫自己使用轉(zhuǎn)折語，盡量避免使用諸如“however”, ”nevertheless”, 或 “furthermore” 這些詞。如果你覺得段落之間的轉(zhuǎn)折有困難，或想把某個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折語強(qiáng)加進(jìn)一個(gè)已寫好的段落里去，那么，這可能說明你文章的總的結(jié)構(gòu)有問題。如果你對(duì)此有懷疑，則回頭再讀一讀你原先的提綱，看你是否每一段寫一個(gè)要點(diǎn)，是否每個(gè)要點(diǎn)聯(lián)系自然，前后連貫，結(jié)論符合邏輯。最后一段的轉(zhuǎn)折語特別關(guān)鍵。如果對(duì)你如何得出最后的想法不清楚，那么說明你提綱的結(jié)論是硬塞進(jìn)去的，或你的提綱缺乏中心。
如果你對(duì)自己文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有信心，但發(fā)現(xiàn)自己可能在適當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)折的地方給難住了，那么試試重復(fù)前一段的關(guān)鍵詞使自己的想法發(fā)展下去。如果不行，那么作為最后的一招，試從以下列出的常用轉(zhuǎn)折語中找到你所需要的。
添加事實(shí)或信息，可用：
as well, and, additionally, furthermore, also, too, in addition, another, beside, moreover, etc.
表示事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間順序，可用：
first of all, meanwhile, followed by, then, next, before, after, last, finally, one month later, one year later, etc.
按重要性程度順序列舉事物，可用：
first, second etc., next, last, finally, more importantly, more significantly, above all, primarily, etc.
聯(lián)系自己的想法與事實(shí)或例子，可用：
for example, for instance, to illustrate, this can be seen, etc.
表示因果關(guān)系，可用：
as a result, thus, consequently, eventually, therefore, etc.
表示對(duì)比，可用：
nonetheless, however, yet, but, though, on the other hand, although, even though, in contrast, unlike, differing from, on the contrary, instead, whereas, nevertheless, despite, regardless of, etc.
表示比較，可用：
in a different sense, similarly, likewise, similar to, like, just as, conversely, etc.
練習(xí)7：轉(zhuǎn)折語
用有效的轉(zhuǎn)折語（如果需要的話）將下面的句子連接起來。（在某些情況下， 兩個(gè)句子可各自成立而不須用轉(zhuǎn)折語）
1. Ordinarily, I took my responsibility seriously and would write down classmates' names to preserve the silence and decorum of

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