最近經(jīng)常聽到小伙伴們吐槽，為什么同樣的詞匯量水平，他的托福成績是110，而你的才只有80+？接下來就教你如何在保持詞匯量不變的情況下，大幅提升口語和寫作分?jǐn)?shù)。秘訣就是“句子長度”。口語的SpeechRater和寫作的E-rater在評分中占據(jù)很大的比重，而他們一個(gè)重要評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是“句子長度”。如果你寫的大多都是10至20個(gè)詞的句子，那么E-rater會(huì)認(rèn)為你的語法水平和句子結(jié)構(gòu)水平一般。而20至30個(gè)詞的句子就能在E-rater那里拿到語言水平上的高分。那么，有哪些方法可以延長托福句子呢？以下是五種類型的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可以幫助你增加托福句子的長度：

1.句首的介詞短語

句首介詞短語由介詞和名詞短語組成。它們可以放在句子的開頭。在某些情況下，這些介詞短語是限制性的，不應(yīng)該后跟逗號。然而，介詞短語也可能是非限制性的，應(yīng)該后跟逗號。

限制性的句首介詞短語：Next to the meandering river in the hidden wilderness was an old log that was worn from many years of weathering from the harmful rays of the sun.

非限制性的句首介詞短語：At the bank last week,I deposited several thousand dollars from the paychecks I had received from my sales efforts with Toyota,with which I have worked for more than 25 years.

限制性的介詞短語是需要來完成句子的語法/意義；非限制性的介詞短語可以從句子中去掉而不破壞語法。

2.前置和后置形容詞、副詞和形容詞從句

名詞和副詞從句可以出現(xiàn)在句子的開頭和結(jié)尾。在這些情況下，介詞從句后面要加逗號。相比之下，名詞從句不需要逗號。然而，當(dāng)從屬從句出現(xiàn)在句子末尾時(shí)，通常不需要逗號。

副詞從句開頭：Although the students needed more time to complete their research projects,the professor refused to grant them an extension.

名詞從句開頭：That several students missed the final exam concerned the professor since they would all fail the course.

后置形容詞從句：Last week,after I completed my homework in my physics class,I went to Los Angeles and visited Thomas Reigns,who was my roommate last year when I was attending UCLA.

后置副詞從句：Many cities in the United States are enacting laws to combat climate change because greenhouse gases are causing global warming.

后置名詞從句：The professor made it mandatory that all attending students complete the final research project before the deadline.

3.同位語

同位語是修飾其他名詞短語的名詞短語。這些形容修飾語可以直接出現(xiàn)在所修飾的名詞之前或之后。通常，這些語法結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)有逗號分隔。

在句首的同位語：A student of integrity,respect,and intelligence,English major Rika Tuniko won the praise of faculty,staff,and fellow classmates after her powerful presentation on race and equity.

在主語后面的同位語：Several students,all residents of San Bernardino,were invited to attend the White House in which United States president Joe Biden honored them for their contributions to green energy and climate change

在賓語后面的同位語：Two years ago,I participated in the Carlsbad 5000,a 5K race attended by more than 30,000 runners.

4.現(xiàn)在和過去分詞短語

現(xiàn)在分詞短語和過去分詞短語起到形容詞的作用，因此它們修飾名詞。這些形容詞短語可以放置在句子中名詞之前或之后的不同位置。

句首的現(xiàn)在分詞短語：Having waited for more than three hours,the student was finally able to discuss her grade with the professor.

主語后的過去分詞短語：The Apple Smartphone,broken after being dropped repeatedly by the user,will need to be replaced.

5.使用FANBOYS連接復(fù)合句

這是最簡單的語法，但可以直接將句子長度翻倍。要寫這種類型的句子，需要使用FANBOYS中的一個(gè)將兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的從句連接起來：

For（因?yàn)椋?/p>

And（和）

Nor（也不）

But（但是）

Or（或者）

Yet（然而）

So（所以）

以下是兩個(gè)使用FANBOYS的復(fù)合句的例子：

使用“for”連接的復(fù)合句：Most students taking the TOEFL iBT registered at least one month in advance,for they want to make sure they will be guaranteed a seat during the exam.

使用“but”連接的復(fù)合句：Becoming familiar with TOEFL test-taking skills and strategies is important,but students also need to concentrate on improving their academic English language proficiency if they want to get a higher score.

以上幾個(gè)方法學(xué)會(huì)了嗎？一定要多多練習(xí)哦！